Forging press or like machine



May 21, 1929.

H. F. MASSEY FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE Filed March 6, 1924 til. 1

5 Sheets-Sheet l y 1, 1929. H. F. MASSEY 1,113,974

FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE Filed March 6, 1924 5 sheets-sheet 2 P Qll/d May 21, 1929. H, F MASSEY 1,713,974

FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE May 21, 1929. I H. F. MASSEY .9

FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE Filed March 6, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 4WIIILQIIII/l/ ama H. F. MASSEY May 21, 1929.

FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE Filed March 6, 1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5Patented May 21, 1929.

HAROLD FLETCHER MASSEY, OF DISLEY, ENGLAND.

' FORGING PRESS OR LIKE MACHINE.

Application filed March 6, 1924, Serial. No. 697,405, and in GreatBritain March 9, 1923;

The invention relates to power presses and machines of the kind in whichpower is transmitted from a revolving crankor eccentric through ahydraulic cylinder or cylinders with one piston or more therein to thepress head which is thereby caused to reciprocate.

The invention has for its principal object to improve the control andadj ustability of such presses and machines and thus to make them betteradapted for various classes of work such as forging, upsetting,embossing, swaging, punching, cutting.

WVith this principal object the invention consists in a power presshaving improved controlling means for effecting the variation oradjustment of the position of reciprocation of the head operating on thework and in which reciprocating motion is transmitted from a revolvingcrank or eccentric through liquid in pressure spaces and the position ofreciprocation is varied or adjusted by the use of controlling means,comprising a valve or valves with relative ports, preventing when in aneutral position or closed position flow of liquid to and from onepressure space to and from another opposed thereto or a reservoir orboth and capable of movement from the neutral position in either of twodirections so as to permit such flow in one direction only at a time inorder to adjust the head in one direction or the other and mechanismprovided for the operation of the controlling means is contrived so thatthe adjustment of the head restores or tends to restore the neutralposition.

The invention consists further in presses of advantageous constructionhaving such controlling means.

The connexion between the crank or eccentric and the head of a presshydraulic commonly by water or oil and as oil is usually employed thisonly will be referred to in further description and for simplicity theword press will be used instead press or machine, and crank will be usedinstead of crank or eccentric and also the head will be assumed unlessotherwise stated to work in a vertical position above the work althoughit may operate in a horizontal or inclined po sition or may be verticalbelow the work.

. Some methods of carrying this invention into effect are shown by wayof example in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1

is apartial front elevation and Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken onthe plane indicated by the line 2, 2 of Fig. 1 with some parts shown inside elevation for clearness showing one form of power acting cylinder.Figs. 1y vertical sections on by the lines 33 and part of a power pressgenerally similar to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 but with valves ofdifferent form. 5 is a horizontal section taken on the plane indicatedby the lines 55 of Figs. 3 and 4 but drawn upon a larger scale andshowing parts in plan for clearness. Fig. 6 is a side elevation partlyin vertical sections on the plane indicated by the line 66 of Fig. 7showing apower press with two stationary cylinders and Fig. 7 is ahorizontal section taken on the plane indicated by the line 77 of Fig.6. Fig. 8 is a side elevation in part a vertical section showing a powerpress similar in many respects to that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 but withthe cylinder made to work horizontally.

The same numerals of reference are employed to indicate correspondingparts in different figures.

In the power press shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in which a head 11 comprisinga double acting cylinder 12 works between vertical guides 13 in a frame1 1, the frame 14 formed of two castings bolted together side by sidecarries a crank shaft 15 revolved in bearings 16 by power in anysuitable manner as, in the case shown, by means of a belt pulley 17serving also as a fly wheel.

The crank shaft 15 is normally kept revolving but may be started andstopped as desired. The speed of revolution is generally constant butprovision may be made for it to be varied if desired.

A crank or eccentric 18 on the crank shaft press having a double 3 and 4are respectivethe planes indicated 15 by means of the connecting r0d19gives across head 20 a reciprocating up and down movement between theslides 21 formed in the frame 14. Attached to the cross head 20 is apiston rod 22 which extends downwards carrying a piston 23 furnishedwith a hydraulic cup leather packing 24: working in the cylinder 12formed in the head 11 and provided at the top with a cover 25 presentinga hole through which the piston rod 22 can slide.

4.4 of Fig. 5 showing,

iii

The head 11 carries a pallet 26 which works in co-operation with a lowerpallet 27 carried on the frame 14.

The head 11 is connected by means of chains 23 passing over pulleys 29,and 31 to the balance weight 32 which is of the same weight as the head11. The sides of the head 11 are made to extend up above the top of thecylinder 12 so as to form a reservoir with a cover 34 with a stuliingbox 35 through which works the piston rod 22. The reservoir made toencircle the piston rod 22 in order that the oil in the reservoir shallprevent air from passing into the cylinder 12. In the head His formedavalve chamber 36 communicating with the reservoir 33 at the top directlyand at the bottom by a passage 37. Ports'38, 39 connect the valvechamber 36 with the cylinder 12 at the ends respec tively above andbelow the piston 23.

In the valve chamber 36 works a valve 40 which is provided with pistons41, 42 for closing the ports 38, 39 respectively and with one way valves43 44 opening towards one another provided in tli pistons 41, 42. Thevalve 40 is shown in its neutral or closed position in which the pistons41, 42 close the ports 38, 39. Above the piston 41 the valve 40 isprovided with openings 45 placing a central cavity 46 in the valve 40 incommunication with the'reservoir 33. The upper portion of the valve 40which works through an opening in the cover 34 is attached by a joint toa lever 47 the other end of which is connected by arod 48 to an arm 49which is fast upon a shaft 50 provided with a foot lever 51. The footlever '51 is ordinarily held in a raised position by the spring 52connected with the foot lever 51. The lever 47 at a point near itsmiddle is connected by a connecting rod 53 to a more or less similarlever 54 placed above it. One end of the lever 54 is attached by meansof a joint to the crosshead 20 and the other end is attached by means ofa connecting rod 55 to a stationary point on the frame 14 namely, in thecase shown to astud carrying the pulley 31. The head 11 is also formedwith another passage 56 leading from the bottom of the cylinder 12 tothe reservoir 33 and ordinarily closed at its upper end by a springloaded relief valve 57, loaded so that it will remain closed unless apressure beyond the maximum desired is attained in the lower part of thecylinder 12 in which case oil will flow from the bottom of the cylinder12 to the reservoir 33. A relief valve 58 is also provided to open.downwards from the reservoir 33 to the part of the cylinder 12 above thepiston 23 so that when oil opens the relief valve 57 some may pass intothe top of the cylinder 12. In the operation of the machine therevolving crank or eccentrio 18 gives a reciprocating motion to thepiston 23 and while the valve 40 is in the neutral position, as shownthe oscillating motion will be communicated to the head 11 and balanceWeight 32 and the same oscillating motion will be given to the valve 40by means of the levers 54, 47 and connecting rod 53. If now the footlever 51 be depressed, a little the valve 40 will be lowered in thevalve chamber 36 and this will open free COlllIIlUlllCt'L-tlOll throughthe port 38 between the top of the cylinder 12 and the reservoir 33 andwill also allow oil to pass from the reservoir 33 to the bottom of thecylinder 12 through the oneway valves 43 and 44. Then on the upstroke ofthe piston 23 tlie reciprocating motion of the head 11 will beinterrupted and the head 11 will standstill or move less than the piston 23, oil being drawn from the reservoir 33 through the one-way valves43 and 44 into the bottom of the cylinder 12 and oil being expelled fromthe top of the cylinder 12 through the port 38 and the upper part of thevalve 40 into the reservoir 33. On the downstroke of-the piston 23however the one-way valves 43, 44 will prevent oil from flowing out ofthe bot-tom of the cylinder 12 and the head 11 will therefore have thesame down ward motion as the piston 23 but in a lower position thanbefore. The head 11 is thus adjusted downwards but in the downwardadjustment the ports 38, 39' will; again come opposite the pistons 41,42 and the valve 40 will be restored again to the neutral or closedposition. The reciprocating motion will then continue but in a lowerposition than before. Further movement of the valve 40 downwards willcause a further downward adjustment of the position of the reciprocatingmovement.

If contrariwise after a downward adjustment of the head 11 the footlever 51 be allowed to rise under the influence of the spring 52 thevalve 40 will be raised and will open free communication between thebottom of the cylinder and the reservoir 33 through the port 39 andpassage 37. It will also allow oil to pass from the reservoir 33 intothe top of the cylinder through the one way valves 43 and 44 but not topass out. The position of the head 11 will thus be adjusted upwardsuntil the upward adjustment has caused the ports 33, 39 again to beclosed by the pistons 41, 42. It will be seen therefore that the head 11while in effect continuing its reciyn'ocatil'ig movement follows themovement of the foot lever 51 both up and down. If in any downstroke ofthe head 11 the ie sistance offered to the pallet 26 should be so greatthat a pressure higher than a predetermined maximum is produced in thebottom ofthe cylinder 12 the relief valve 57 will allow oil to pass-fromthe bottom of the cylinder 12' into the reservoir 33 in the con tinueddownward moven'imm of the piston 23 while the relief valve 58 will allowoil to flow from the reservoir 33 into the top of the cylinder 12 andthe head 11 will thus be allowed to remain stationary while the piston23 descends. ii hile the piston 23 descends rela tivelyto the head 11the cross head 20, levers 54, 47 and connected rod 53 will move thevalve 40 downwards relatively to the ports 38, 39 and therefore unlessthe foot lever 51 be allowed to rise, the head 11 will eventually berestored to the adjustment relatively to the piston 23 which obtainedbefore the pallet 26 cncoimtered the excessive resistance. The oil inthe reservoir 33 surrounding the piston rod. 22 and extending above theopening of the valve 57 prevents air from passing into the cylinder 12.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show an alternative arrangement of valve applied to ahead ll suit' able for use in a frame 14 and with other parts as shownin Figs. 1 and 2. It will be seen that the ports 38, 39 in the head 11are generally as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, but that there are'twohorizontal valves 59, 60 made to turn in cavities in the head 11 insteadof the one vertical piston valve 40. Each of these horizontal valves 59,60 is in the form of a short tube closed at each end. At the rear endlevers 61, 62 are attached to the valves 59,

. 60 and are connected by the connecting rod 63 and can be moved up androcking lever 47 shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the sides of each valve 59,60 there are ports as shown where required to correspond with the ports38, 39 in the head 11.. There is also' a diaphragm 64 across the middleof each tube dividing it into two chambers a back chamber and a frontchamber. In the diaphragm 64 there is a one way valve 65 which allowsoil to flow from the back chamber to the front chamber but not in thereverse direction. The cavities in which the valves 59, 60 are mountedare made to communicate, the upper by a short passage with the reservoir33 and the lower by the passage 37 also'with the reservoir 33. Thevalves 59, 60 are shown in the neutral position, the ports 38, 39 beingblocked andshut off from both the front and the back chambers, and theflow of oil between the top and the bottom of the cylinder 12 andbetween the cylinder 12 and the reservoir 33 being thus closed. It theconnecting rod 63 attached to the rocking lever 47 be now raised by thefoot lever being raised the valves 59, to will turn in. the head 11clockwise in Figs. 3 and 4 and the port 38 will be opened to the frontchamber of the valve 59 and the port 39 will be opened to the backchamber of the valve 60 and oil will be allowed to flow into the top ofthe cylinder 12 from the reservoir 33 and out of the bottomof thecylinder 12 into the reservoir 33 on the downstroke of the piston 23 butnot to flow in reverse directions in the upstroke. The head 11 will thusbe adjusted upwards as .in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 andin moving up the head 11 will move relatively to the rocking le vcr 47so that it will restore or tend to restore the valves 59, 60 to theneutral position. If the connectingrod 63 be moved downwards down by thevalves 59, 60 is just the same as with the vertical valve 40 describedwith reference to Figs.

'1 and 2.

In .the power press shown in Figs. 6 and 7 two double acting stationarycylinders 78, 79 formed in a casting are used containing re,- spectivelythe pump piston 80 and the press piston 81 connected with the head. Thepiston 80 is connected by the piston rod '82, .crosshead 83 andconnecting rod 84 with the crank 18 on the crank shaft 15 and the piston81 is connected by a pistonrod 85 with the head 86 that carries thepallet 26. Stufling boxes 87, 88 are provided around the piston rods 82,85 respectively. Slides are provided in the frame 14 of the press toguide the head 86 and cross head 83 and hydraulic cup leather packings89, 90 are provided in the pistons 80, 81 respectively. The upper endsof the two cylinders 7 8, 7 9 are connected by a passage 91 and thebottoms of the two cylinders 78, 79 are connected by a passage 92 andthe passages 91, 92 are formed so as always to allow free communicationbetween the connected ends of the two cylinders 78.79 al though a tube93 forming the valve chamber 94 extends across such passages 91. 92. Theconnected parts of the two cylinders 78. 79 and the passages 91, 92connecting them thus form two opposed pressure spaces. The reservoir 33for oil is connected by a passage to the lower end of the valve chamber94. The reservoir 33 is made to extend above the upper opening of thevalve chamber 94 and the opening of the valve 57 so that as in the pressshown in Figs. 1 and 2 the oil in the reservoir 33 prevents air frompassing into the cylinders 79, and 80. An opening closed by the reliefvalve 57 is provided in connexion with the passage 91 and the passage 92is provided with a one way valve 58 for the inlet of oil from thereservoir 33 through the passage. A hole is formed in the castingbetween the cylinders 78, 79 for the insertion of and access to the oneway valve 58 and the cover 95 screwed in the casting and forming theabutment for the spring used with such valve 58.

A piston valve 96 in the valve chamber 94 is provided to fulfill thesame functions as the piston valve 40 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 beingprovided with pistons 97, 98 to close openings in the valve chamber 94in connexion with the passages 92, 91.'respectively and with a centralcavity 99 with inwardly opening oneway valves 100. 101 at each end. Inprinciple the action of the valve 96 is precisely similar to that of thevalve 40 shown in Figs. 1 and 2. but in the case of Fig. 6 the cylinder7 9 is' stationary and consequently it is nec-- essary that theautomatic movement resulting from the adjustment ofthe .head 86 by meansof the foot lever 51 shall be communicated to the valve 96 itself,instead of, as in Figs. 1 and 2, to the valve chamber 94. In order thatthis automatic movement may be communicated to the valve 96 a lever 102in connexion by the rod 103 with the valve 96 and by the rod 104 withthe foot lever 51 is mounted to oscillateabout a pin or stud 105 inconnexion by a link 106 with approximately the middle of a lever 107 inconnexion at one en d by a pin with the head 86 ot' the press andengaged by a rounded part with a cavity 108 in the cross head 83, therounded end and the cavity 108 being formed to allow oscillation andlengthwise movement of the lever 107. It is clear that as the pumppiston 80 moves up and down the head 86 must move down and up, the lever107 will therefore have a rocking motion. and the centre or some otherpoint between the ends will remain approximately stationary so far asthe reciprocating motion is concerned. It will however move up and downas the adjustment of the head 86 takes place. The link 106 thereforeattached at this point. It the foot lever 51 is depressed the valve 98is raised from its neutral position and opens the ports 91, 92 so thatoil is allowed to flow into the pressure space above the pistons 80, 81and out of the pressure space below the pis tons 80. 81 and causes theposit-ion of reciprocation of the head 86 to be adjusted downwards andthe downward adjustment causes the pivot of the link 106 to be loweredwith r the effect that the valve 96 is lowered again and brought back toits neutral or closed po sition. A similar action takes place in thereverse direction if the foot lever 51 be allowed to rise.

The position of the reciprocation of the head 86 therefore follows themovement of afoot lever 51 exactly as in the case of the 'pressesdescribed with reference to Figs. 1,

2, 3 and 4;.

Vertical presses have thus far generally been described in which thedownstroke is the working stroke. It will readily be understood that apress might be contrived for the rain to work in any other directionsuch changes involving no alteration other than rte-arrangement oromission of the means needed for balancing or returning the head of thepress in the direction contrary to that of its working stroke or there-arrangen'ient of the reservoir and other parts to suit the changedposition. For example Fig. 8 shows a press similar to that illustratedin Figs. 1 and 2 but contrived or disposed for the head 11 to work in ahorizontal direction and without a balance Weight 32 which in this caseis unnecessary since the weight of the head 11 of the press has noinfluence tending to move it in either of the directions in which it isintended to work. Fig. 8 shows the reservoir 33 at the end of thecylinder and encircling the piston rod 22 and made to extend upwardsabove the opening of the valve 57 and so as in the case of the pressshown in Figs. 1 and 2 the oil prevents air from passing into thecylinder 12.

In order that the invention may be more completely understood thesalient features will be indicated in the further description following.

The hydraulic connexion between the revolving crank or eccentric,whether constantly revolving or started and stopped as desired orwhether the speed of revolution is C011- stant or provision is made forit to be varied as desired, and the head of the press may consist of onecylinder or more with one piston or plunger therein and the pressure istransmitted by means of liquid usually oil in pressure spaces thusformed.

Usually two pressure spaces are used the one to force the head in theforward direction and the other opposed thereto to force it in thereverse direction.

In a double acting cylinder or pair of double acting cylinders one endor pair of ends forms one pressure space and the other end or pair ofends forms another pressure space opposed to the first. Such a pair ofcylinders may be at any convenient distance apart and joined in anysuitable way.

. The relation between the strokes of two cooperating pistons orplungers will depend upon their relative diameters.

"Whether each pressure space consists of one cylinder end or twoconnected cylinder ends, the head will reciprocate in harmony with thecrank, but the position of reciprocation will be varied if the amount ofliquid in one or other of two opposed pressure spaces is increased ordiminished.

For eiiecting the variation or adjustment of the position ofreciprocation of the head means are provided which comprise controllingmeans consisting of a valve or valves with relative ports which in itsneutral or closed position prevents flow of liquid to and from onepressure space from and to another opposed thereto or a reservoir orboth and which is capable of movement from the neutral position ineither of two directions so as to permit such flow in one direction onlyat a time in order to adjust the head in one direction or the other andoperating mechanism contrived so that adjustment of the head restores ortends to restore the neutral position.

A controlling means such as a valve or valves is or are provided toregulate the flow of liquid between the opposed pressure spaces. In theneutral or normal position of the controlling means flow of liquid fromone pressure space to the other is prevented. If however the controllingmeans he moved from this neutral position in either direction, flow ofliquid is permitted from one pressure space to the other but not in thereverse direotion, with the result that the head will follow themovement of the crank or eccentric in one direction but not in theother, and thus the position of reciprocation of the head will bechanged or adjusted. Movement of the controlling means in the otherdirection from the neutral position will cause the head to be adjustedin the reverse direction.

If the capacity of one pressure space is larger than that of the other,a reservoir is used to supplement the capacity of the smaller pressurespace and when only a single pressure space is used such reservoir isused instead of a second pressure space.

In order that the control of the position of reciprocation of the headmaybe easy, the mechanism for operating the controlling means is socontrived that, as the position of reciprocation of the head changes inadjustment brought about by a movement of the controlling means from theneutral position, the adjustment restores or tends to restore thecontrolling means to the neutral position. This causes the adjustment ofthe head auto matically to cease and the head to continue reciprocationin the position to which it has been adjusted.

In order to prevent excessive pressure from being attained a reliefvalve is used in connexion with the pressure space for producing theforward stroke. This relief valve is loaded for example by a spring sothat in case of a pressure higher than the predetermined amount beingattained liquid will pass out of this pressure space. i

In cases in which the head works in other than a horizontal position itmay be balanced, for example by a balance weight.

What I do claim as my invention and deside to secure by Letters Patentis:

1. A power press comprising a head adapted to receive reciprocatingmotion, an eccentric part adapted to revolve for transmittingreciprocating motion to said head, two pres sure chambers containingcolumns of liquid,

means presenting pressure faces in said pressure chambers respectivelyand in connexion with said eccentric part to be recipro'cated therebyand according to the direction of movement to apply or to receivepressure to and from said columns of liquid, means presenting pressurefaces in said pressure chambers respectively and in connexion with saidhead for enabling said head to receive and to to the other and to saidapply pressure from and to the columns of liquid in said chambers, areservoir, passages for-connecting said pressure chambers eachreservoir, valvular controlling means for controlling said passageshaving a neutral position in which flow of liquid between the pressurechambers and the reservoir is prevented and manually movable in eitherof two directions from the neutral position to allow flow in onedirection only at a time from or to one or other pressure chamber andthe reservoir for adjusting the position of reciprocation of the headand means connecting the head and the valvular means whereby theadjustment consequent upon the movement of the valvular controllingmeans restores such valvular controlling means to its neutral'position.

2. A press according to claim 1', characterized by a relief valveallowing liquid to es cape from one of when more than a attained.

ized

predetermined pressure is by a moving head containing the pressurechambers.

ed in said head comprising a piston valve and co-operating oppositelyopening one-way the pressure chambers press according to claim 1,charactervalves. 7

8. A press according to claim 1, character ized by a moving headcontaining the pressure chambers and a relief valve allowing liquid toescape from one of the pressure chambers when more than a predeterminedpressure is attained.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signedmy name this fifteenth day of February, 1924.

HAROLD FLETCHER MASSEY.

ioo

